how to convert microgram to milligram

Microgram (mcg) and Milligram (mg) are units of measurement of mass under the International Standard (SI units). Knowledge and use with these equivalent factor conversions are important: 1 microgram is 10 to the power of negative 6 of a gram and 1 milligram is 10 to the power of negative 3 of a gram. This means that a milligram is a thousand smaller than a gram and a microgram is a million smaller than a gram. Using these factor conversion in the computation, 1 mcg is equal to 0.001mg. You can use the automatic calculator on this webpage and enter the values you want.

Enter your here values to convert microgram to microgram (mass) and vice versa:

mcg
mg

Urine Microscopy: Amorphous Urates

Amorphous urates are laboratory results seen under the microscope in a urine specimen. It is most common in specimens examined after refrigeration. It is characteristically seen grossly as pink pellets after centrifugation. But seen under the microscope it is seen as yellow to brown aggregates of small rounded particles. Which adheres to mucus threads and casts. Presence of amorphous urates in urine specimen proves little clinical value.

Hemovac Autotransfusion System

Hemovac is the product brand of autotransfusion system developed and marketed by Zimmer, Inc. It is circular and drum-shaped which function as a suction under negative pressure. It is used primarily in postoperative patient who require slow but constant wound drainage of fluid in the operative site. It can also be used to salvaged the patient’s own blood during the operative procedure and thereafter can be given via autotransfusion. Another system with similar features is the Jackson-Pratt (JP) drain. You can visit the official website of Hemovac for more information regarding their product: http://www.zimmer.co.za/z/ctl/op/global/action/1/id/9036/template/MP/prcat/M8/prod/y

Anatomy of Pelvic Bone

The pelvic bone is a irregular ring-shaped structure which is composed of three separate bones but are fused, namely: ilium, ischium, and pubis. Its function is primarily for to weight bearing. The weight of the upper body, in sitting and standing position, transfers from the axial skeleton to the lower appendicular skeleton. The pelvic bone likewise provide attachments to several powerful muscles the thigh and abdomen which serves for locomotion and posture. The characteristic shape of the pelvis reflects the form of locomotion and body mass of humans which are bipedal, someone who walks with two legs. Wherein the iliac crests are parallel to the vertically oriented sacroiliac joints. While for animals who are quadrupedal, the bones are in parallel to the horizontally oriented sacroiliac joints.

Homeostatis of Organ Systems

The organ systems in the human body are intricately in homeostasis with each other that one cannot survive without the existence of the other. Each and every organ we have are important and serves its specific function. Some of the organ system functions are: the pulmonary system is composed of the lungs and functions to oxygenate the blood and release metabolic byproduct carbon dioxide; the hepatobiliary system is composed of the liver and the spleen and functions in carbohydrate, protein, and cholesterol metabolism not to mention its other function to filter and metabolize all toxins converting them to non-harmful substances; the renal system is composed of the kidneys and functions to eliminate the metabolized ammonia in the form of urea thereafter excreted into the urine; the digestive system is composed of organs running from the mouth to the anus and it functions to digest food and absorb nutrients thereafter excrete fecal waste material; the reproductive system is composed of external and internal genitalia and functions for mating and sexual reproduction; and the central nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves function to centrally control and moderate the functions of all the organ systems. These organ systems individually functions in tandem and contribute to create a homeostasis.

Sensitivity and Specificity

Sensitivity and specificity are study measurements used in research analysis. They are used to measure the data performance of given values in terms of its positive or negative predictive values. Likewise, these measurements are used most commonly in the field of medical research.

Sensitivity refers to the portion of the study population whose actual positives are correctly identified. Specificity refers to the measured proportion of the study population whose negatives are correctly identified.

For example, imagine that a medical research is ongoing whose objective is to determine if a population of patients are diabetic or not. The study outcome can be either positive (diabetic) or negative (healthy):
True positive - Diabetic people correctly diagnosed as diabetic
False positive - Healthy people wrongly identified as diabetic
True negative - Healthy people correctly identified as healthy
False negative - Diabetic people wrongly identified as healthy

To calculate for the sensitivity and specificity of the given study just use the following equations:
Sensitivity = number of True Positives / (number of True Positives + number of False Negatives)
Specificity = number of True Negatives / (number of True Negatives + number of False Positives)

In interpreting the study results, the higher the sensitivity the less likely the disease is present (rule out the disease) and the higher the specificity the more likely the disease is present (rule in the disease).

how to convert kilowatt to horsepower

Kilowatt (kW) and Horsepower (HP) are units of measurment of power. Calculate conversion of kilowatt to horsepower requires background knowledge in simple physics and mathematics. Knowledge and use with these equivalent factor conversions are important: 1 Kilowatt is equal to 1000 W and 1 HP is defined to be exactly 746 W. Using these factor conversion in the computation, 1 HP is equal to 0.746 kW. If you want to use this automatic calculator on this webpage.

Enter your here values to convert kilowatt to horsepower (electric) and vice versa:

kW
hp

Neutropenia and the Necessary Precautions

Neutropenia is the pathologic state of the immune system having a low count of neutrophils. Neutrophils are the white blood cells of the body that makes up 50-70% of the entire population. It functions as primary cellular defense against bacteria and viruses that were able to invade the blood and subcutaneous tissues. Neutropenia is classified into three subgroups: mild (<1,500 ANC), moderate (<1,000 ANC), or severe (<500 ANC) based on the laboratory absolute neutrophil count (ANC) measurement of cells per microliter of blood. Any neutropenic individual is advised follow the universal standard precautions: such as wearing a mask at all times; refrain from having direct contact with other individual with infectious diseases; proper and constant hand washing and bathing; avoid eating/drinking unfamiliar food or fluids. It is important to note that the lower the ANC the greater the risk and susceptibility of a neutropenic individual to fevers and frequent infections.

Inguinal Hernia vs Cryptorchidism

A swelling on one side of the groin signifies a mass which could a hernia, cryptorchidism, or an anterior abdominal wall mass. Hernia is an outward protrusion of a structure through the muscle tissue or membrane. It is both most common among infants and older because the pathophysiology of this disease is due to the weak or weakened anterior abdominal wall that should normally prevents the formation of a hernia. The presence of a reducible mass that disappears with application of pressure indicates a hernia. Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both of the testes on the scrotal sac. The testis can be found mostly in the inguinal canal or high above its tract. The presence of a movable mass on the groin and does not reduce with pressure indicates a cryptorchid. Any mass on the anterior abdominal wall, whether nodular or cystic, must be excluded primarily to arrive with a correct and sound diagnosis because the mass itself present similar characteristics that of a hernia and a crytorchid.

Sinus Pressure Points

The sinus is a hallow chamber within the bone structures of the skull. There are four sinuses in the skull, namely: frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses. The sinuses functions to lighten the weight of the head and aids in phonation of words and sounds. Notice that if your sinuses are clogged your head feels to heavy and that there is a change in the tone of your voice. Frontal and maxillary sinuses are considered both major sinuses and symmetrically in pairs. The sinus pressure points can be found on both your cheeks, which is approximately the site of the maxillary sinuses, and the area above your eyebrows, which is approximately the site of the frontal sinuses. When you have sinusitis, one or more of your sinuses are clogged and filled with fluids and transudates. Thus this condition would cause slight pain when the skin areas are touched or pressed.